Methods and techniques of architectural environment forming under the conditions of global climate change: the problems of flooding

This article highlights the methods and techniques of forming an architectural environment based on sustainable development, namely, how to adapt to the consequences of global climate change caused by the anthropogenic environment and its activities. One of the serious consequences of global climate change is an increase in the frequency and power of floods, especially they pose a danger to cities, where problems related to the comfort of human life are worsening. Floods destroy city infrastructure and endanger the city's water supply sources. Such natural disasters activate the scientific community to eliminate their consequences, on the one hand, on the other - to solve the shortage of water as an energy resource, raising the issue of developing technologies for accumulating its surplus and further use in many types of human life, as well as in the functioning systems of the city as a whole. The world scientific and practical experience of innovative methods of adaptation of the new and reconstruction of the existing architectural environment to climate changes in countries vulnerable to frequent flooding, which is a problem for Ukraine as well, is analyzed. The article analyzes methods from Denmark, Great Britain, the Netherlands and Pakistan, with which they create a flood-resistant architectural environment and turn the disadvantages of their flood-prone region of residence into advantages. The experience of these countries and their methods of combating natural disasters helps other regions of our planet to form a comfortable architectural environment that corresponds to today's rapidly changing weather conditions and the goals of sustainable development. The conducted analysis demonstrates a wide range of solutions to problems, from small elements of the architectural environment to the planning of individual districts and the city as a whole. These solutions are used individually, as well as in combination, which increases their effectiveness. Therefore, the use of a complex approach as the main method of forming the architectural environment under conditions of global climate change is revealed.