This article critically examines the role of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in shaping the development trajectory of rural areas in Bulgaria. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of CAP measures, their economic, social, and environmental impacts, and their contribution to the structural transformation of Bulgarian agriculture since EU accession. The analysis explores key policy instruments under Pillar I (direct payments) and Pillar II (rural development programmes), with a focus on modernization, competitiveness, sustainability, and demographic resilience. Drawing on strategic policy documents, statistical data, and comparative assessments, the study evaluates the extent to which CAP interventions have supported income stability, stimulated employment, enhanced biodiversity protection, and improved infrastructure in rural regions. Findings indicate that EU support has significantly increased farm productivity, diversified local economies, and strengthened environmental practices, although persistent structural challenges, such as land fragmentation, unequal distribution of subsidies, and demographic decline, continue to limit the full realization of rural development objectives. The article concludes by highlighting policy priorities and strategic directions for the post-2027 programming period, including digital transformation, targeted support for small and medium-sized farms, and stronger integration with cohesion and Green Deal policies.
Valentin Shlyakov (Wed,) studied this question.