Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, are growing conditions characterized by neuronal loss, cognitive decline, and motor impairment. Current pharmacological treatments generally offer symptomatic relaxation and are insufficient to halt disease progress. Phytochemicals—bioactive compounds derived from plants such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids , and stilbenes—have emerged as promising candidates due to their multi-target therapeutic potential. The compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic, and mitochondrial-protective activities, while further regulating neurotransmission and proteostasis. Prominent phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, quercetin, ginsenosides , and huperzine A have explained neuroprotective effects in preclinical and early clinical studies Still, challenges such as poor solubility, poor bioavailability, fast metabolism, and lack of standardized formulations limit their clinical translation. Emerging planning , containing Nano carriers, liposomal systems, and solid lipid nanoparticles, offer enhanced delivery and brain targeting. Additionally, personalized medicine approaches, biomarker-based clinical trials, and combination therapies with conventional drugs may improve treatment outcomes. This review specifies an overview of the pharmacological mechanisms of key phytochemicals in NDs, evaluates current evidence, and highlights future prospects and challenges in their therapeutic growth. Advancing the compounds from bench to bedside requires rigorous clinical confirmation, optimized formulations, and regulatory standardization
Akbar Ali Khan (Tue,) studied this question.