Abstract Purpose: To analyze health disparities related to malignant neoplasia of the stomach (MNS) in Brazil, identifying the most affected groups and epidemiological variations throughout the analyzed period to contribute to more effective public policies and intervention strategies. Methods: A time series analysis was performed using public and secondary data extracted from the SUS Hospital Information System between 2009 and 2023. Variables such as the total number of hospital admissions for MNS, its distribution by age group, sex, and race/color, along with regional distribution and hospital mortality rate over the period, were analyzed. Results: There were 390, 008 hospitalizations for MNS, reflecting a 90. 91% increase, from 16, 772 in 2009 to 32, 021 in 2023. The Southeast Region recorded the highest number (174, 177), while the North had the lowest (18, 752). Despite this growth, it is noted that hospital mortality decreased from 19. 38 in 2009 to 13. 37 in 2023. The North had the highest average rate (21. 56), while the South had the lowest (12. 97). The 50–69-year-old group accounted for most cases, with 205, 342 hospitalizations (52. 65%). Regarding sex, men were the most affected, with 251, 277 hospitalizations (64. 42%). In racial distribution, 42. 39% of patients were white, while 36. 30% were brown. Conclusion: The increase in hospitalizations may be linked to the high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori, a key risk factor. According to the Ministry of Health, its prevalence ranges from 26% to 82%, depending on socioeconomic conditions. Expanded healthcare access and advancements in diagnostic methods may have improved the identification of previously underreported cases, contributing to hospitalization growth. Meanwhile, the decline in hospital mortality suggests improvements in clinical management. Differences among sexes, age groups, and regions may be associated with biological and behavioral factors, as well as disparities in access to oncology services. The North, historically less developed, has higher mortality rates, likely due to limited hospital infrastructure and barriers to diagnosis and treatment, whereas the South, with better infrastructure, has the lowest rates. These findings reinforce the need for public policies to expand access to preventive and therapeutic measures, promoting equity in cancer care across the country. Citation Format: Júlia L. Dorcínio, Gabriela G. Dal Alba, Rafaela C. Pires, Mariana S. Afonso, Yasmin M. Loureiro, Ana Lúcia S. Rosson, Luiza N. Candanedo, Jéssica M. Bohnenberger. Stomach Cancer Disparities in Brazil: A 15-Year Analysis of Geographic and Socioeconomic Influences abstract. In: Proceedings of the 13th Annual Symposium on Global Cancer Research; 2025 Sep 16. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2025;34 (12Suppl): Abstract nr 31.
DORCÍNIO et al. (Mon,) studied this question.