Abstract Cognitive theories of ritual propose that ceremonial actions are processed through a distinct “ritual stance,” which emphasizes symbolic and social value over utilitarian demands. We tested whether this stance alters perceptions of costs and benefits by presenting 289 Hindu participants in Mauritius with vignettes describing identical activities—carrying, cooking, fasting, and walking—framed either in ritual or ordinary contexts. Participants rated each activity on perceived difficulty and happiness during and after completion. Linear mixed models showed that ritual framing reduced perceived difficulty by an average of 11% and increased happiness ratings by 25% during and 18% after the activity compared to the same actions performed in a utilitarian context, suggesting that the ritual stance introduces a distinct set of cognitive biases that affect decision-making. Group contexts enhanced these effects. These findings demonstrate that the ritual stance functions as a cognitive heuristic that reappraises costs in symbolic terms, thereby lowering perceived barriers to participation in demanding practices. Beyond their cognitive implications, these results shed light on the cultural and evolutionary dynamics of ritual, including their potential role in motivating costly cooperative behaviors and their broader applicability in reframing everyday challenges.
Dimitris Xygalatas (Mon,) studied this question.