This study describes the modelling and laboratory testing about Internet of Things (IoT)-solar energy based automatic irrigation gate system for sustainable agricultural water management. The system designed utilizes a photovoltaic energy source combined with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for optimizing energy generation and enables autonomous operation. In the model, the irrigation gate and electrical system is a set, represented 3D simulation that illustrates the relationship between operational states and laboratory conditions. To represent the hydraulic relationship between gate openings, flow discharge, water level changes, a mathematical model was derived and validated using scaled laboratory tests in different operational scenarios. The prototype provided good accuracy in discharge prediction (R2 > 0.9) and fast response time (<5 s) and stable water level control and low head loss (<5 cm). The MPPT implementation provided a 15-18% increase in energy efficiency compared to the conventional solar systems. Finally, brokering IoT data acquisition and control provided low communication latency (200-300 ms) and a small packet loss (< 1%), demonstrating the prototype is suitable for real-time irrigation management. The results demonstrate technological sophistication and the feasibility of scaling innovations with smart irrigation gate systems that couple renewable resources with digital technologies.
Azmi et al. (Fri,) studied this question.