Actual Sentence Division and Communicative Function of Sentence Parts (Theme–rheme–focus) in Uzbek

This article examines the actual division of sentence parts and the communicative function of the sentence from functional-syntactic and linguopragmatic perspectives. Actual division is treated as an information-structuring mechanism which, alongside grammatical organization, determines how utterances distribute “given vs. new” information and “background vs. focus” within discourse. Special attention is paid to Uzbek, where relatively flexible word order, preverbal focus tendencies, case marking, derivational and inflectional morphology, intonation patterns, particles (-ku, -da, -mi), topic markers such as esa, and segmentation strategies play a key role in shaping theme–rheme relations. The study also reviews the extent to which the topic has been investigated in Uzbek linguistics by drawing on textbooks, teaching manuals, monographs, dissertation abstracts, and dissertations. On this basis, it argues for the necessity of further genre- and corpus-based investigations within the framework of communication grammar.