ABSTRACT There are 22 tropical cyclones (TCs) affecting Shanghai from 2012 to 2024, which are categorized into four groups in terms of track, that is, landing in Shanghai (LD), moving northward across the sea east of Shanghai (NAE), moving northward (NAW) and westward (WAW) across the land west of Shanghai. What's more, Shanghai is spatially divided into 10 districts, urban areas (UB), Pudong, Baoshan, Minhang, Fengxian, Qingpu, Jinshan, Songjiang, Jiading, and Chongming. The district‐scale characteristics of the observed total accumulative precipitation (P total ), maximum hourly accumulative precipitation (P 1h‐max ), and extreme wind (WS 3s‐max ) are analyzed. Results show that the underlying surface in Shanghai significantly decreases the mean WS 3s‐max , resulting in the lowest mean WS 3s‐max of 9.2 m·s −1 in UB. Regarding the spatial distribution of mean P total , both the underlying surface and TC structure exerted a significant influence, resulting in the mean P total exceeding 110 mm in both UB and four suburban districts. TC track can also influence the spatial pattern of the mean P total , P 1h‐max , and WS 3s‐max . The key TC tracks for mean P total and mean P 1h‐max are NAW TCs. The coastal districts always have higher mean WS 3s‐max regardless of TC track. The spatial distribution of maximum P total , P 1h‐max , and WS 3s‐max may be partly affected by the underlying surface in Shanghai and more by the TC structure. Overall, the impact TC of P total and P 1h‐max is not exactly one‐to‐one, that is, the TCs that cause the maximum P total do not necessarily produce the maximum P 1h‐max , and most of the time the maximum precipitation and wind do not occur in the same TC case.
Han et al. (Thu,) studied this question.