Traditional and Sustainable Methods for the Synthesis of Quinoline Derivatives as Anticancer Agents (2019–Present): A Comprehensive Review

Introduction: Heterocyclic compounds are widely utilized in the development of anticancer medications due to their diverse structures and ability to interact with multiple biological targets within cancer cells. Quinoline is a heterocyclic compound and an essential compound in the domains of industrial and pharmaceutical chemistry because of its various pharmacological effects. Researchers are developing new traditional, synthetic, and innovative green approaches to synthesize mono- or poly-substituted quinoline derivatives for anticancer activity. Methods: A comprehensive literature survey was conducted using multiple databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and others, to investigate the existing literature on synthetic strategies for various quinoline derivatives. This review article intends to present a summary of various traditional synthetic methods alongside innovative green approaches. Results: Many researchers have demonstrated that quinoline derivatives can be synthesized using various methods, including traditional techniques, hybrid approaches with heterocyclic structures, and innovative green synthetic methods, as well as elucidating their structure-activity relationships for potential use as anticancer agents. The majority of traditional synthetic methods rely on hazardous chemicals, low reaction rates, high temperatures, and high pressures. Currently, the green chemistry approach produces eco-friendly, economical, highyield, pure, and outstanding products in the fields of industry and pharmaceuticals. Discussion: This section explores various affordable and eco-friendly synthetic techniques that produce potent and specific quinoline compounds, intended for use as anticancer agents. Conclusion: The progress demonstrated in the green synthetic methods and the development of quinoline-based compounds as new treatment options could aid in identifying new and effective quinoline derivatives for cancer treatment in the future.