What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess how male sex influences survival and the risk of developing haematological malignancies in MGUS patients.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Male sex adversely impacts survival and myeloid malignancy risk in MGUS: a real-world population-based study

Key Points

To assess how male sex influences survival and the risk of developing haematological malignancies in MGUS patients.
Analyzed a UK population-based cohort of 4651 MGUS patients from 2005 to 2019
Evaluated patient and disease characteristics alongside survival rates
Compared malignancy incidence rates between males and females
5-year net survival for MGUS patients was 87.8%
Survival rate for males was 83.8%, while females had a survival rate of 92.2%
Males had a higher rate of subsequent haematological malignancies (8.8%) compared to females (5.3%)

Abstract

Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is a common plasma cell disorder with well described risks of progression to myeloma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Using data from an established UK population-based cohort of haematological malignancies and premalignancies, we investigated patient and disease characteristics, subsequent haematological malignancy, and survival in 4651 people diagnosed with MGUS 2005-2019. The 5-year net (relative) survival (disease-specific estimate of the probability of survival) of MGUS patients was 87.8% (95% Confidence Interval 85.9-89.7), with males (83.8%; 95% CI 81.0-86.6) more affected than females (92.2%; 95% CI 89.7-94.7). The proportion of subsequent haematological malignancies was also higher in males than females (8.8% versus 5.3%; P

Male sex adversely impacts survival and myeloid malignancy risk in MGUS: a real-world population-based study

Key Points

Abstract

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