Immune checkpoint inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma: a practical framework for patient selection, toxicity management, response assessment, and treatment sequencing

Key Points

• The central aim is to optimize frameworks for immunotherapy care in patients with urothelial carcinoma by emphasizing assessment and management protocols.
• Evaluated functional status for immunotherapy suitability
• Developed protocols for managing immune-related adverse events
• Standardized assessments of clinical responses
• Considered the role of ctDNA and AI-assisted radiomics for treatment evaluations
• Identified critical components for effective patient selection and care management
• Highlighted the potential of ctDNA and AI-assisted radiomics as adjunct tools in immunotherapy
• Emphasized the need for multi-center validation before routine practice implementation