In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have emerged as a critical component of hematological malignancies and solid malignant tumors therapy. However, clinical practice has revealed that these agents may induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Notably, renal irAEs stands out as a significant clinical concern, frequently necessitating treatment discontinuation and thereby enabling tumor progression. Renal irAEs constitutes a critical consideration for patients with cancer complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD). This review systematically examines the immunologic pathogenesis of ICIs-induced renal disease, susceptibility genes, non-invasive biomarkers, and efficient intervention strategies. It further analyzes the critical considerations regarding renal irAEs that oncologists must address, based on real-world evidence from ICIs therapy in cancer patients with CKD, including those who are renal transplantation recipients or have end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Additionally, the promising targeted immunotherapy for malignant tumors is expected to improve both renal outcomes and survival prognosis in cancer patients.
Lv et al. (Tue,) studied this question.