Formulation and Comparative Evaluation of an Eco-Friendly Polyherbal Toothpaste for Oral Health

Herbal toothpastes represent a natural and sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic dentifrices, offering both therapeutic and environmental benefits. The present study focused on the formulation, preparation, and evaluation of a herbal toothpaste containing extracts of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), and Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), selected for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate were employed as abrasives, glycerol as a humectant, and acacia and tragacanth gums as binders and thickening agents, while peppermint and clove essential oils were incorporated to enhance freshness and antimicrobial activity. The prepared formulation was evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, moisture content, pH, foaming index, spreadability, and in vitro antimicrobial activity. The herbal toothpaste exhibited a smooth texture, pleasant odour, acceptable alkalinity (pH 8.51), foaming index of 1.33, moisture content of 4%, and spreadability of 17.33 g·cm/s, indicating satisfactory physicochemical performance. Furthermore, the formulation demonstrated appreciable antimicrobial activity, evidenced by effective zones of inhibition against oral pathogens. Overall, the developed herbal toothpaste displayed desirable organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological properties, supporting its potential as a safe, effective, and eco-friendly oral care product. Further clinical studies are recommended to substantiate long-term efficacy and therapeutic outcomes.