تعتبر القشور السوداء منتجات تغيير متعددة الطبقات تتطور على الجدران التاريخية المعرضة للتلوث الحضري. تبحث هذه الدراسة في جدار الحماية الغربي لدير غوليا الذي يعود للقرن السابع عشر في ياشي، رومانيا - والذي يقع على طول ممر مرور مزدحم - وتقدم نتائج متعددة التحليل على شظايا هاون قائمة على الجير exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting exhibited exhibiting exhibited exhibited exhibiting exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibiting exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibited exhibiting exhibits in the urban traffic, including metal oxides and soot, with contrasted contrasts relative to the minimally altered verso. تشير أجهزة XRF المحمولة وSEM–EDX إلى ارتفاع مستويات الكابريت والعناصر المرتبطة بالمرور داخل المصفوفات الجبسية المسامية، بينما تحدد FTIR وXRD باستمرار كبريتات الكالسيوم كمرحلة ثانوية سائدة. كما توثق القياسات الونومية فقدانًا ملحوظًا في السطوع وإسودادًا مرئيًا على الأسطح المعرضة. تظهر هذه النتائج ظهور الكبريتات الاتجاهية وتشكيل القشور السوداء على الهاون تحت ضغط التلوث الحضري وتؤسس بروتوكولًا تحليليًا متكاملًا لتشخيص القشور السوداء على الهاون الجيرية التاريخية في البيئات التراثية الحضرية.
درس بيلين وآخرون (الجمعة) هذا السؤال.