Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and amblyogenic risk factors: a systematic review of the evidence and controversies.

Key Points

• This review aims to clarify the relationship between congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and amblyopia, addressing evidence gaps.
• Conducted a systematic review of existing literature
• Analyzed definitions of amblyogenic risk factors
• Emphasized the use of age-matched controls in studies
• Highlighted the importance of biometric analyses for future research
• The correlation between CNLDO and amblyopia is unclear based on current evidence
• Standardized definitions are lacking in many studies
• Future research needs age-matched controls to enhance reliability of findings