This study focuses on assessing the reliability of municipal water systems in Kenya, a critical aspect of environmental governance and public health. Quasi-experimental designs were employed, leveraging pre-existing data from municipal records spanning -. A mixed-methods approach was used, integrating quantitative analysis with qualitative insights to ensure comprehensive coverage of system reliability. The quasi-experimental design revealed a significant proportion (65%) of water supply disruptions attributed to seasonal variations in rainfall and inadequate infrastructure maintenance. Quasi-experimental designs offer valuable insights into municipal water systems' performance, particularly when combined with mixed-methods approaches. Recommendations include prioritising preventive maintenance strategies and enhancing community engagement for improved system reliability. Recommend implementing preventative maintenance programmes to reduce seasonal disruptions and increasing public awareness about the importance of regular infrastructure upkeep. Model estimation used =argmin_ᵢ (yᵢ, f_ (xᵢ) ) +₂², with performance evaluated using out-of-sample error.
Githinji et al. (Sat,) studied this question.