Improved vaccination practices are crucial for maintaining livestock health in smallholder farming communities, particularly in resource-limited settings such as Western Kenya. The review employed a comprehensive search strategy across multiple databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies were screened for relevance based on inclusion criteria related to the intervention type, study design, and geographic location (Western Kenya). Findings from the reviewed studies indicate that farmer education programmes significantly enhanced vaccination coverage among smallholder farmers by increasing participation rates from an average of 35% to 60%, with a confidence interval of ±5 percentage points. The review highlights the effectiveness of targeted educational interventions in improving livestock vaccination practices, which can contribute to reduced disease incidence and increased farm productivity. To further promote sustainable vaccination programmes, it is recommended that future initiatives include continuous monitoring and feedback mechanisms to ensure long-term efficacy. The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Gitonga et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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