Methodological Evaluation of Rural Clinics Systems in Ethiopia Using Time-Series Forecasting Models

Rural clinics in Ethiopia face challenges in maintaining consistent clinical outcomes due to limited resources and irregular funding. A systematic literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies from to were included if they utilised time-series forecasting models to assess clinical performance metrics. The analysis revealed a significant variation in the direction and proportion of clinical outcome measurements across different clinics, with some showing improvement over time while others exhibited deterioration. Time-series forecasting models can be effective tools for monitoring clinical outcomes in rural Ethiopian settings; however, their application is inconsistent and requires further standardization to ensure reliability and consistency. Clinics should adopt standardised methods for data collection and analysis to enhance the accuracy and comparability of their performance metrics. Training programmes for clinic staff on using forecasting models should also be implemented. Treatment effect was estimated with logit (pᵢ) =₀+^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.