Establishing Bacterial–Fungal Cross-Kingdom Biofilms for Studying Oral Pathogenesis

Key Points

• To model bacterial-fungal interactions in oral biofilms to understand their role in oral diseases.
• Cultivated Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans together under oral-like conditions.
• Used confocal microscopy to monitor biofilm formation and behavior.
• Assessed microbial interactions and their impacts on virulence.
• Successful formation of cross-kingdom biofilms was achieved.
• Observations showed enhanced microbial synergy in the biofilm.
• Acidogenic virulence indicators were observed in biofilm environments.