Objective This study aimed to explore the key predictive factors and underlying theorized mediating pathways of depression among Chinese college students using structural equation modeling (SEM), with the goal of providing empirical evidence to support mental health interventions in higher education. Methods A longitudinal survey was conducted among undergraduate students from a comprehensive university in Sichuan Province, China. Data were collected at two time points: at enrollment (T1, September–October 2022) and three months later (T2, December 2022–January 2023). Participants were divided into depression and non-depression groups based on Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores. Between-group differences were analyzed using chi-square, t-tests, or Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. SEM was employed to examine direct and indirect pathways among childhood trauma, self-esteem, coping styles, internet addiction, perceived stress, and depression. Results A total of 880 valid samples were included, with 154 (17.50%) assigned to the depression group. Univariate analysis indicated that sociodemographic factors, family environment, coping style, and internet behavior were significantly associated with depression. SEM results revealed that childhood trauma positively influenced depression both directly and through multiple mediators, including reduced self-esteem, increased negative coping, internet addiction, and elevated perceived stress. Self-esteem and negative coping also exhibited dual pathways affecting depression, with perceived stress serving as a critical mediator. Conclusion Depression among college students is influenced by the interaction of early experiences, psychological traits, and behavioral factors. A multi-level intervention strategy-ranging from risk screening and stress management to trauma-informed support-is recommended for university mental health services.
Qing et al. (Thu,) studied this question.