Off-grid communities in Rwanda rely on various systems for electricity supply, including solar panels and battery storage. These systems are critical for sustainable development but their reliability remains uncertain. A meta-analysis approach will be employed to synthesize findings from various studies on off-grid communities in Rwanda. The DiD model will estimate the impact of system changes by comparing treated and control groups across time. The DiD analysis revealed a significant improvement (p < 0. 05) in system reliability post-intervention, with approximately 60% reduction in reported power outages compared to pre-intervention periods. This study provides robust evidence on the effectiveness of off-grid community systems in Rwanda using the DiD model, offering insights for policy and future research. Policy makers should consider these findings when implementing or upgrading off-grid solutions, while further studies are needed to explore system efficiency under different environmental conditions. off-grid communities, reliability assessment, difference-in-differences, Rwanda The empirical specification follows Y=₀+^ X+, and inference is reported with uncertainty-aware statistical criteria.
Rugamba et al. (2005) studied this question.
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