The Nile Basin is a critical water resource for multiple countries in East Africa, including Kenya. Water scarcity and its associated conflicts are significant challenges that have affected social stability and economic development. A structured survey was conducted among stakeholders including farmers, government officials, and NGOs involved in water management. The survey utilised a Likert scale questionnaire for responses. The findings indicate that approximately 45% of respondents believe current conflict mitigation strategies are insufficient to address the challenges posed by water scarcity, with themes focusing on improved irrigation techniques and community-based dispute resolution mechanisms being most frequently cited as effective solutions. Despite some progress in mitigating conflicts related to water scarcity, there is a need for more robust and comprehensive approaches. The study recommends integrating technological innovations and enhancing public awareness campaigns. Stakeholders should collaborate on developing and implementing integrated water management strategies that include technological support and community engagement programmes.
Njuki et al. (Sun,) studied this question.