This study conducted a multi-criteria assessment of farming systems (organic vs. integrated) and hydrothermal conditions on the productivity and quality of seven potato cultivars in Southern Poland (2022–2024). The objective was to identify genotypes with the highest plasticity for adaptation to Sustainable Land Management (SLM) strategies. Using a split-plot design, analyses covered total and marketable yield, tuber architecture, and starch and dry matter concentration. Statistical evaluation utilized ANOVA and variance component analysis to determine the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variability. Results showed that productivity was strongly determined by the cultivation system, with organic yields being 20–57% lower due to Phytophthora infestans and virus pressure. Notably, the lack of a significant three-way interaction (S × V × Y) for quality traits suggests high predictability of starch and dry matter based on genotype selection, regardless of management-induced stressors. The ‘Lawenda’ cultivar demonstrated superior adaptation to organic frameworks. We conclude that organic potato production is viable in warming climates if supported by rigorous cultivar selection and biological innovations. Future research should focus on the long-term monitoring of soil organic matter dynamics and the economic viability of these systems throughout a full crop rotation cycle. Such an approach is essential to provide a more comprehensive and robust foundation for sustainable land-use policies.
Pszczółkowski et al. (Sat,) studied this question.