Ecotoxicological effects of cadmium on Echinometra mathaei: Oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and biochemical responses

Key Points

• Cadmium exposure causes notable oxidative stress and genotoxicity effects in Echinometra mathaei.
• Key metrics show increased biochemical responses, highlighting cellular damage under toxic conditions.
• Analysis focused on the ecotoxicological impact of cadmium on marine species within natural environments.
• Results imply potential adverse effects on marine ecosystems due to cadmium pollution, prompting further studies.