March 3, 2026Open Access

Clinical characteristics of MOG antibody-positive anti-NMDAR encephalitis: a single-center retrospective study

Key Points

Testing for MOG antibodies is recommended when CSF-WBC count increases significantly alongside abnormal MRI signals.
Particularly in male patients, the presence of double antibodies suggests a need for aggressive immunosuppressive therapy.
The study identifies a crucial relationship between CSF-WBC count, MRI results, and the necessity for antibody testing.
Results indicate that early intervention with immunosuppressants may help prevent recurrence in those with double antibodies.

Abstract

For patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis presenting with headaches, if there is a significant increase in CSF-WBC count, coupled with abnormal MRI signals in the leptomeninges or cortex, it is recommended to test for MOG antibodies. This is particularly crucial for male patients. For those with positive double antibodies, more aggressive long-term immunosuppressive therapy may be necessary to prevent recurrence.

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