Surgery vs. non-surgery for advanced cholangiocarcinoma post-conversion therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus TKIs

Key Points

• Surgical treatment significantly improves overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma.
• Patients initially classified as unresectable can achieve downstaging with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and TKIs.
• Assessment using a conversion surgery approach demonstrates its safety and feasibility for these patients.
• Implications suggest that surgical interventions following conversion therapy may enhance patient outcomes.