Dynamics of fear effect on a stochastic tritrophic level food chain model with Markov switching

Key Points

• Dynamics of fear effects significantly influence population interactions in a tritrophic level food chain.
• The analysis showcased variations in stability under different stochastic scenarios, impacting food web interactions.
• Assessment using a stochastic tritrophic level food chain model with Markov switching captured complex dynamics.
• Findings point to the need for further exploration of fear's role in ecological balance and stability.