Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a prevalent behavior among university students. Although understanding NSSI within the framework of schema theory would be valuable, existing research in this area remains limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to classify NSSI into homogeneous subgroups and to examine the associations between schema modes and these subgroups. Data were collected from a sample of 357 university students using self-report measures. First, latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to identify NSSI subgroups. Subsequently, a series of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) analyses were conducted to examine the predictive role of schema modes in differentiating these subgroups. The LCA revealed three distinct classes: a mild/experimental group, a moderate NSSI group with intrapersonal functions, and a severe NSSI group. Results from the MLR analyses indicated that dysfunctional schema modes significantly predicted the likelihood of belonging to different NSSI subgroups. In particular, Dysfunctional Parent Modes (i.e., Punitive and Demanding Parent Modes) and Angry Child Mode emerged as the most distinctive modes in the severe group. Furthermore, Avoidant and Surrendering Coping Modes—specifically, Compliant Surrender, Detached Self-Soother, and Angry Protector Modes—were more likely to be associated with membership in the severe NSSI group. Finally, Overcompensatory Coping Modes, including those conceptualized as forensic modes (Self-Aggrandizer, Conning and Manipulative, and Paranoid Overcontroller), were also linked to a greater likelihood of belonging to the severe group. The findings were discussed in light of schema theory. Assessing and targeting schema modes in clinical practice may help reduce NSSI behaviors, though further emprical evidence is needed.
Ülbe et al. (Wed,) studied this question.