Modeling HFA-driven dense aerosol dynamics in pMDIs: Comparison of turbulence and interphase coupling models

Key Points

• Aerosol dynamics significantly differ between turbulence and interphase coupling models, impacting drug delivery efficacy.
• Key evidence shows that the turbulence model provides a better fit, with improved predictions of aerosol behavior.
• Analysis of model outputs demonstrates varying dynamics under different conditions of propellant use within pMDIs.
• Findings highlight the need for refined models to enhance inhaler design and improve therapeutic outcomes.