Multi-objective bi-level optimization for planning and operation of electric vehicle-based energy storage systems in distribution networks

Key Points

• This multi-objective optimization enhances the planning of energy storage systems, addressing both performance and operational constraints.
• Key evidence shows that optimization models improve energy distribution efficiency by up to 25% in various scenarios.
• Analysis of energy storage systems with electric vehicles reveals complex interdependencies influencing operational outcomes.
• Supports the need for innovative planning strategies in evolving energy distribution networks, adapting to future demands.