Valorization of tomato stem waste: Lignin nanoparticles as eco-friendly platforms for 2,4-D and antimicrobial applications

Key Points

• Lignin nanoparticles demonstrate significant utility in 2,4-D herbicide applications, enhancing eco-friendliness.
• In antimicrobial tests, these nanoparticles exhibit effective properties against various pathogens.
• Valorization of tomato stem waste transforms it into valuable lignin nanoparticles for agricultural use.
• Findings support exploring waste materials further, indicating broader environmental and agricultural benefits.