Exploring the immunotoxicity and mechanisms of action of planktonic Microcystis and benthic Oscillatoria on juvenile filter-feeding fish

Key Points

• Immunotoxicity impacts juvenile filter-feeding fish driven by Microcystis and Oscillatoria exposure.
• Juvenile fish showed significant immune system alterations due to harmful algal blooms, affecting health.
• Assessment used laboratory experiments with varied concentrations of Microcystis and Oscillatoria over several days.
• Findings emphasize the ecological risks of algal blooms, indicating potential disruption of aquatic ecosystems.