Can CMIP6 models simulate the network-based early warning signals for El Niño? Insights for climate modeling and network analyses

Key Points

• Network-based early warning signals were successfully simulated for El Niño events, indicating model reliability.
• Key metrics reveal a strong predictive ability in 75% of the CMIP6 models assessed for El Niño.
• Observational analysis utilizing CMIP6 models provided insights into network dynamics and climate behaviors.
• Results suggest improved climate modeling techniques could enhance predictive capabilities for El Niño events.