Spatial and temporal variation of benthic ecological quality evaluation in the Bohai Bay (China) using benthic indices

Key Points

• Spatial variation of benthic ecological quality indicates significant differences across sampling locations, revealing ecosystem health.
• Temporal variation across seasons showcases how ecological quality fluctuates, emphasizing changing environmental conditions.
• Analysis using benthic indices demonstrates the effectiveness of these measures in assessing ecosystem quality and health.
• This analysis highlights the importance of monitoring benthic environments for sustainable marine management, guiding future conservation efforts.