This study examines the relationship between greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Canada, globalization, renewable energy usage, trade openness, and GDP from 1990 to 2023. This work established dependability using an ARDL model with robustness testing for FMOLS, DOLS, and CCR. The results demonstrate that GDP is negatively correlated with environmental sustainability, has a short- and long-term link with carbon emissions, and supports the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) theory in Canada. Similarly, the pollution-haven argument holds water in this case because globalization and trade openness are observed to have a positive association with carbon emissions over the long run. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources does improve environmental sustainability in Canada, as there is a considerable negative connection between carbon emissions and renewable energy utilization in both the short and long run. This paper suggests policies for collaborating on strategy development, implementing clean technology exchange agreements, promoting knowledge sharing, increasing eco-friendly supplier chains, and adopting harmonized stringent environmental legislation. Ecological sustainability must be realized through the shift to green technology infrastructure, which necessitates collaborative efforts. Carbon taxes and emission trading schemes are critical methods for setting sustainability requirements.
Damak et al. (Thu,) studied this question.