Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using vegetable waste, possible toxicities, and oxidative stress biomarker in Cyprinus carpio

Key Points

• Silver nanoparticles can lead to oxidative stress in Cyprinus carpio, highlighting ecological risks.
• Toxicity levels increased significantly after exposure to silver nanoparticles, affecting fish health.
• Analysis of biomarkers revealed alterations linked to oxidative stress in affected fish over a 30-day period.
• Understanding these toxicities is crucial for assessing environmental impacts and safety regulations.