Non-metallic ion batteries beyond convention: fundamentals, material innovations, and pathways to sustainable energy storage

Key Points

• Non-metallic ion batteries show potential for innovative energy storage solutions, with enhanced sustainability.
• The analysis highlights the importance of material innovations for non-metallic ion batteries in energy applications.
• Assessment of battery fundamentals across emerging technologies reveals promising pathways for improvement.
• These advances indicate a shift towards sustainable energy storage solutions, which could meet growing energy demands.