Noninvasive imaging represents the cornerstone of diagnosis, characterization, and longitudinal management of peripheral arterial disease (PAD), offering both anatomic and physiologic information essential for precision therapy. Each modality-magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), computed tomography angiography (CTA), duplex ultrasonography, and physiologic testing-contributes unique strengths to the comprehensive evaluation of arterial disease. In addition, specialized perfusion-based techniques extend the diagnostic armamentarium for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).
Bryce et al. (Sun,) studied this question.