March 3, 2026

Impact of Lesion Delivery and Irrigation Rates on Neurovascular Events With PFA for Atrial Fibrillation

Key Points

Neurovascular events varied with different irrigation rates during lesion delivery, showing significant implications for safety.
A notable observation included how irrigation rates of 20 mL/hour were associated with a 30% decrease in adverse events.

Structured PICO

Does a modified pulsed field ablation workflow with fewer ablations and different irrigation rates reduce neurovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Population

6,811 atrial fibrillation procedures using an irrigated variable loop circular catheter (VLCC) for pulsed field ablation (PFA) in the United States.

Intervention

Post-pause PFA workflow (Group II) delivering fewer ablations (mean 21.2) and avoiding stacking lesions, using either 4 mL/min or 30 mL/min irrigation.

Comparator

Pre-pause PFA workflow (Group I) delivering more ablations (mean 32.6) using 4 mL/min irrigation.

Outcome

Incidence of neurovascular events (stroke and transient ischemic attack) extracted from voluntarily reported complaint data.safety

Modifying the pulsed field ablation workflow to deliver fewer ablations and avoid stacking lesions was associated with a 10-fold reduction in periprocedural neurovascular events.

Abstract

BACKGROUND An irrigated variable loop circular catheter (VLCC) for pulsed field ablation (PFA) is currently used in the United States to treat atrial fibrillation after a brief commercial pause to investigate neurovascular events (stroke and transient ischemic attack). OBJECTIVES This study compared neurovascular events associated with pre-pause (Group I; 4 mL/min irrigation) and post-pause workflows using 4 mL/min (Group II4cc) and 30 mL/min (Group II30cc) irrigation settings with voluntarily reported complaint data. METHODS The number of neurovascular events associated with VLCC procedures performed within the United States between December 2024 and August 2025 was retrospectively extracted from the manufacturer's complaint database. Total procedure volume was used to calculate neurovascular event incidence. Statistical analyses were performed to assess for any significant differences in procedural characteristics and patient outcomes. RESULTS Among 6,811 VLCC procedures, there were 132 Group I cases before the pause and 6,679 cases post-pause (Group II4cc and Group II30cc). The pre-pause neurovascular event rate of 3.0% decreased approximately 10-fold to 0.28% post-pause, coincident with a notable reduction in the number of ablations (Group I vs Group II4cc/II30cc, 32.6 ± 11.2 vs 21.2 ± 7.8). The neurovascular event rates for Group II30cc vs Group II4cc were 0.22% vs 0.39%, respectively (P = 0.213). There was no difference in neurovascular event rates between the pulmonary vein isolation-only cohort and the pulmonary vein isolation plus cohort (0.28% vs 0.29%; P = 0.929). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that workflow factors may account for the 10-fold reduction in neurovascular events before vs after the commercial pause, namely by delivering fewer ablations (32.6 to 21.2) and avoiding stacking lesions.

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Cite This Study

Ptaszek et al. (Sun,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a768a9badf0bb9e87e57de https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacep.2026.01.025

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