Biophilic design integrates nature into architecture to enrich sensory and cognitive experiences, enhance psychological well-being, and improve performance. This study explores its physiological and neural effects in design studios at King Salman International University through an experimental methodology combining theoretical review and lab-based investigation. Tools included electrocardiography (ECG) for heart rate variability (HRV), eye-tracking for visual attention, and the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) for emotional evaluation. Nine participants viewed five digital architectural scenes with varying biophilic integration. Direct nature connections elicited greater visual attention, pleasure, and perceived control, indicating higher engagement and relaxation. A scene lacking biophilic elements led to reduced attention and control, alongside physiological signs of stress, suggesting lower concentration and emotional regulation. Individual differences were observed, possibly due to cognitive preferences or uncontrolled variables. Findings highlight biophilic design’s potential to support mental well-being and cognitive performance in educational spaces, though broader, more realistic studies are needed.
Mohamed et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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