As inverter-based sources like Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) increasingly integrate into the power grid, concerns arise over spinning reserves and frequency stability. The traditional Grid-Following (GFL) control approach does not adequately address frequency deviations. In contrast, the Grid-Forming (GFM) method is a promising alternative that allows inverter-based resources to directly control voltage and to provide system inertia. While GFM inverters can be effectively used with battery energy storage systems, applying GFM to WTGs poses challenges due to constraints from the primary energy source. Sudden drops in the DC-link voltage of Type 4 generators can also affect the mechanical components of the wind turbine. Control of the DC-link voltage can be managed by either the machine-side converter or the grid-side converter. GFL units typically use the grid-side converter, directly influencing active power feed-in, while GFM inverters affect feed-in power indirectly. This increases interaction between the grid and WTG, impacting mechanical components. The simulation aims to systematically examine GFM and GFL WTG facing angular jumps using DIgSILENT PowerFactory in the Electro-Magnetic-Transient (EMT) domain, focusing on GFM while considering GFL as a reference.
Ferry et al. (Sun,) studied this question.