A Review on Fabrication of Platinum Nanoparticles and Their Potential Implementations in Biomedical Field

Nanomaterials are considered as pioneering and indispensable in the discipline of biological technology for wide range of implementations in biotechnology, pharmaceutical industries, and biomedical fields. Metallic nanoparticles are worthy biological contenders with fascinating physiochemical properties. Among these, the platinum nanoparticles are explored as more valuable due to their unique features. Different strategies are employed to synthesize platinum nanoparticles including chemical, physical, and biological methods. Biological methods are deliberated as the best methods to fabricate Pt nanoparticles as these are convenient, economical, and environment friendly. This review provides an insightful discussion on the properties, harmful impacts, and biomedical applications of platinum nanoparticles that are strongly reliant on their size, elemental composition, morphology, and structure which is controlled by the fabrication technique used. The cytotoxic behavior of platinum nanoparticles is influenced by the size, surface functionalization, and dose quantity which make the ejection of platinum ions within cells more markedly. They possess diverse applications in multiple fields such as nanomedication, nanodiagnostics, bioimaging, and drug delivery carriers owing to their inimitable physiochemical properties. PtNPs have crucial part to radiotherapy, because of their capabilities to persuade cell injury in discriminating part, subsequent to radioactivity contact and have potential to combat tumors. Interestingly, numerous intelligences reveal the advanced capabilities of PtNPs in contrast to other nanozymes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and the treatment of some biological ailments related to oxidative stress. In the future, there will be immense variety of applications of platinum nanoparticles in nanomedicine field.