This paper examines the statistical probability of more women engaging in espionage than those charged or convicted. The investigation focuses on psychological factors associated with espionage, including psychopathy, narcissism, immaturity, grandiosity, ideology, a desire for excitement or adventure, a need for revenge or to feel important, and a willingness to engage in risky behavior. Additionally, it explores psychological disorders such as depression, ADHD, and PTSD, which increase the likelihood of criminal behavior, although they are not directly associated with espionage. These disorders are more prevalent in women, suggesting a potential link to illegal activity. The article presents an algorithm for determining the probability of women committing espionage based on the rates of these psychological disorders and the percentage of women with access to sensitive or classified national security information. Furthermore, it examines the differences between espionage and leaking and the psychological factors associated with each. The gender ratio of individuals with access to sensitive information is explored, as well as the reasons behind the lower number of women charged or convicted of espionage despite the expected rates based on psychological factors. Finally, the article proposes future studies to delve deeper into this complex topic.
McNeil et al. (Fri,) studied this question.