Fibroin/sulfated alginate membranes containing exosomes of stem cells treated with B and Zn-doped hydroxyapatite for periosteal tissue engineering

Key Points

• The aim is to explore fibroin/sulfated alginate membranes loaded with stem cell-derived exosomes for periosteal tissue engineering.
• Developed fibroin/sulfated alginate composite membranes
• Incorporated exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells
• Evaluated effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis
• Enhanced osteogenesis observed in tests
• Induced angiogenesis through the composite membranes
• Exosomes shown to support immunomodulation