Abstract The LGBTQIA+ community in India has historically faced structural discrimination rooted in rigid gender norms, patriarchy, heteronormativity, and socio-cultural taboos. Despite significant legal advancements such as the decriminalization of Section 377 by the Supreme Court in 2018 and the enactment of the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, the community continues to experience widespread exclusion in education, employment, healthcare, and social participation. This study critically examines the socio-economic and institutional challenges faced by LGBTQIA+ persons in India. Using an intersectional and rights-based approach, the paper explores issues such as discrimination, stigma, violence, mental health concerns, homelessness, and digital exclusion. It also evaluates the gap between legal recognition and actual social acceptance. The study highlights the need for inclusive policies, gender-sensitive education, workplace diversity initiatives, community support mechanisms, and legal reforms that ensure dignity and equality for LGBTQIA+ individuals. It argues that sustainable and equitable development in India cannot be achieved without recognizing and integrating LGBTQIA+ communities as equal participants in socio-economic progress.
GANESH SHRIRANG SATARKAR (Thu,) studied this question.
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