Abstract : This study examined the factors influencing anxiety disorders experienced by students in e-learning among selected State Universities and Colleges in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM). It specifically looked into the students’ demographic profiles such as age, sex, socio-economic status, and group affiliation, as well as how these characteristics relate to their anxiety levels in online learning. The study further explored challenges tied to online attendance, activities and requirements, assessments, gadget possession, and internet access as major contributors to students’ anxiety. Using a cross-sectional survey design with both qualitative and quantitative approaches, data were collected from 387 respondents through questionnaires and key informant interviews, and analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean. Findings revealed that demographic factors, along with technical and academic challenges, significantly contributed to the students’ anxiety disorders. Many students were found to experience severe anxiety in adapting to e-learning, emphasizing the need for interventions that address not only financial and technical difficulties but also emotional and spiritual support. The study recommended the formulation of Islamic perspective policy interventions to complement existing psychological treatments. Suggested strategies include institutional support programs such as regular check-ins (“kumustahan”), increased parental and teacher monitoring, and spiritual approaches to help strengthen students’ mental and moral well-being. Ultimately, the research highlights the importance of a holistic approach—academic, emotional, and spiritual—in addressing anxiety disorders in the context of e-learning within BARMM universities.
Salih Dr. Zahiya B. Hadji (Thu,) studied this question.