The presented review discusses symbiotic effects in the “microbiota–host” system aimed at maintaining human health, in particular, homeostasis of the intestinal biotope. Scientific publications of recent years contain extensive information on the inclusion of microbial low-molecular metabolites, “quorum sensing” molecules, and, on the host side, hormones, neurotransmitters and immunoregulatory peptides in the formation of the homeostatic network of the human body and the regulation of its physiological functions. The main pathways and mechanisms of the bidirectional influence of the microbiota on metabolic processes, the central nervous system, the immune and endocrine systems of a person, acting through common receptors and due to the similarity of the structural and functional organization of the signaling components of pro- and eukaryotic cells, are described. The study of the symbiotic effects of the microbiota opens up opportunities for regulating human health through the socalled “microbial organ”. Understanding the symbiotic relationship between the microbiota and the host forms the basis for future research, development of new diagnostic, therapeutic and preventive approaches in clinical practice, as well as the creation of biological drugs (meta-, pro- and psychobiotics) to improve physical and intellectual health of a person.
Bukharin et al. (Wed,) studied this question.