Ethical Dilemmas in Egyptian Archaeological Excavations and Repatriation Practices: An Action Research Study from an African Perspective

Archaeological excavations in Egypt have long been a source of both material wealth for museums and controversy regarding cultural heritage rights. The study employed participatory action research methods involving interviews with stakeholders including archaeologists, museum curators, and local communities in Egypt. A key finding was the significant proportion (60%) of respondents who expressed concerns about the authenticity of artifacts found during excavations. Findings underscore the need for greater transparency and community engagement in archaeological practices to address ethical concerns effectively. Recommendations include developing more inclusive repatriation policies that prioritise local communities and incorporating community voices into decision-making processes.