ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to develop 2,2‐bis4‐(2’‐hydroxy‐3’‐methacryloyloxy‐propoxy)phenylpropane (Bis‐GMA)‐free universal dental adhesives to address the health risks associated with bisphenol‐A (BPA). A previously synthesized BPA‐free monomer, 9,9‐Bis4‐((2‐(2‐methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐carbamate)ethoxy)phenylfluorene (Bis‐EFMA), was used as a substituent for Bis‐GMA to formulate the dental adhesive, together with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and 10‐(2‐methacryryloxy) monodecyl phosphate (10‐MDP). The effects of 10‐MDP content on the adhesive performances were evaluated to determine its optimal concentration. Bis‐GMA‐based dental adhesives were used as experimental control, while 3 M ESPE single bond universal served as a commercial control. The results showed that, compared with Bis‐GMA‐based dental adhesives, Bis‐EFMA‐based adhesives exhibited comparable double bond conversion, lower three‐point bending and tensile properties, higher water absorption and solubility, and superior interfacial wettability and storage stability. The shear bond strength and nanoleakage levels of Bis‐EFMA‐based adhesives were comparable to those of both the Bis‐GMA‐based and commercial control adhesives. None of the Bis‐EFMA‐based adhesives displayed cytotoxicity, and the optimal comprehensive performance was achieved when the 10‐MDP content was 5 wt.% in the resin matrix. Collectively, these findings indicate that Bis‐EFMA‐based adhesives have promising potential for clinical application.
Dai et al. (Sun,) studied this question.