Abstract This study aimed to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy and the effect on dentin microhardness of different concentrations of Triphala (3%, 5%, and 10%) when delivered using two distinct needle designs. Ninety standardized mandibular premolars were biomechanically prepared and randomly divided based on needle design into open-ended and side-vented groups, each containing five subgroups (n = 9). The experimental groups received 3%, 5%, or 10% Triphala prepared in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide as final irrigants following irrigation with 3% sodium hypochlorite. Seventeen percent EDTA and saline were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Smear layer removal was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, while dentin microhardness was assessed using the Vickers hardness test. The results showed that 17% EDTA exhibited the highest smear layer removal but caused the greatest reduction in dentin microhardness. Triphala demonstrated a concentration-dependent effect, with 10% Triphala showing smear layer removal efficacy comparable to EDTA, particularly when delivered using side-vented needles, which achieved superior apical cleaning. All Triphala concentrations resulted in significantly less microhardness reduction than EDTA, with 3% Triphala preserving dentin hardness most effectively. Overall, 10% Triphala provided an optimal balance between effective smear layer removal and dentin preservation, suggesting its potential as a safer herbal alternative to EDTA in endodontic irrigation.
International Journal of Dental Science and Innovative Research (IJDSIR) (Fri,) studied this question.